Shellfish Farming

Frequently asked questions

What is NAICS 112512?

NAICS 112512 is the North American Industry Classification System code for Shellfish Farming. It classifies this business activity for statistical, regulatory, and government procurement purposes. Federal agencies use NAICS codes to collect and publish data about the US economy, determine SBA size standards, and set aside contracts for small businesses.

What licenses and permits does a Shellfish Farming need?

A Shellfish Farming typically needs a local business license, a federal EIN from the IRS, and industry-specific permits depending on the sector. Check with your city or county clerk for a general business license, your state's professional or industry licensing board for any required occupational licenses, and your state's tax authority for a sales tax permit if you sell taxable goods or services.

How do I register a Shellfish Farming business in the United States?

To register a Shellfish Farming business, first choose your legal structure: sole proprietorship (simplest, uses SSN), LLC (personal liability protection, files with your Secretary of State), or corporation (Form 1120 or 1120-S). Register your business name (DBA) with your county if operating under a trade name. Obtain an EIN from the IRS at irs.gov/ein. Register with your state revenue department for any applicable taxes.

What tax forms does a Shellfish Farming file with the IRS?

Tax forms depend on your entity type. A sole proprietor files Schedule C with Form 1040 and Schedule SE for self-employment tax (15.3%). An LLC taxed as a partnership files Form 1065 with Schedule K-1s. A C-Corporation files Form 1120 (21% flat rate). An S-Corporation files Form 1120-S. All businesses paying employees file Form 940 (FUTA) annually and Form 941 quarterly. Estimated tax payments are made via Form 1040-ES four times per year.

Is Shellfish Farming the right NAICS code for my business?

Your NAICS code should reflect your primary business activity — the one generating the most revenue or value. If Shellfish Farming describes your main line of business, NAICS 112512 is likely correct. If you have multiple distinct activities, you may need separate codes for statistical reporting. For federal contracting, your SAM.gov registration should use the code that best matches the work you perform. Review the official NAICS 112512 description and exclusions to confirm it fits your operations.

Does a Shellfish Farming need a CAFO permit for livestock?

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) above certain animal thresholds require a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit from the state environmental agency or EPA. Thresholds: 1,000 animal units equals roughly 700 mature dairy cows, 2,500 swine over 55 lbs, or 125,000 broiler chickens. The permit requires a Nutrient Management Plan (NMP), annual reporting, and manure/runoff containment. Operations below thresholds may still need a state permit if they discharge to waters of the US.

What FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) rules apply to a Shellfish Farming?

The FSMA Produce Safety Rule applies to farms growing, harvesting, packing, or holding covered produce (typically fruits and vegetables eaten raw) with average annual sales over $25,000 in produce. Requires water quality testing (generic E. coli), worker health/hygiene training, soil amendments management, and animal intrusion monitoring. Farms under $25K or with a qualified exemption (direct sales to consumers/restaurants exceeding 50% and within 275 miles) have modified requirements with labeling documentation.

Does a Shellfish Farming need special licenses for hemp or cannabis production?

Hemp: Under the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp (cannabis with ≤0.3% THC) is an agricultural commodity requiring a state or tribal hemp production license through the USDA Domestic Hemp Production Program. THC testing by DEA-registered labs is mandatory. Cannabis plants exceeding 0.3% THC must be destroyed. State plans must be USDA-approved. Cannabis (marijuana over 0.3% THC): remains federally illegal as a Schedule I substance. State-licensed only where permitted by state law. IRS Section 280E restricts business deductions for cannabis businesses.

What water rights and irrigation permits does a Shellfish Farming need?

Water rights are state-specific and critical for agricultural operations. In western states (prior appropriation doctrine), you need a water right from the state water resources board for surface or groundwater use. In eastern states (riparian doctrine), reasonable use of water on adjacent land is generally permitted. Large groundwater withdrawals may need state permits. Irrigation districts manage collective water delivery. USDA NRCS provides technical assistance for irrigation efficiency. Endangered Species Act can limit water withdrawals affecting listed species.